# Applies to llama.cpp commit a3b1eff
# Single cumulative patch: Eaman ROCm/MTP/VEC/MoE work plus MTP recurrent-state rollback
# Includes Eaman cumulative ROCm/MTP/VEC work through commit 5850e07
# Includes experimental MTP recurrent-state rollback work through commit 732dd501
# Tested with llama.cpp version 1184
# Tested on ROCm 7.14.60850-0000000 / Vulkan
# Experimental: --spec-mtp-rs-depth remains opt-in and isolated from production eaman

diff --git a/common/arg.cpp b/common/arg.cpp
index 6f5fe377d5c4f0e7da5f76a4947f77b07b1d964a..f231a4473fd4e93a2d91eafae1831d12bf4d1930 100644
--- a/common/arg.cpp
+++ b/common/arg.cpp
@@ -1292,6 +1292,9 @@ bool common_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, common_params & params, llama_e
             ctx_arg.params = params_org;
             return false;
         }
+        if (ctx_arg.params.speculative.draft.n_rs_seq > ctx_arg.params.speculative.draft.n_max) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("--spec-mtp-rs-depth must not exceed --spec-draft-n-max");
+        }
         if (ctx_arg.params.usage) {
             common_params_print_usage(ctx_arg);
             if (ctx_arg.print_usage) {
@@ -1756,6 +1759,21 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
                                    string_format("error: unknown value for --flash-attn: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
                            }
                        }).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FLASH_ATTN"));
+    add_opt(common_arg({ "--pipeline-parallel" }, "[on|off|auto]",
+                       string_format("set pipeline parallelism ('on', 'off', or 'auto', default: '%s')",
+                                     llama_pipeline_parallel_type_name(params.pipeline_parallel_type)),
+                       [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+                           if (is_truthy(value)) {
+                               params.pipeline_parallel_type = LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_ENABLED;
+                           } else if (is_falsey(value)) {
+                               params.pipeline_parallel_type = LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_DISABLED;
+                           } else if (is_autoy(value)) {
+                               params.pipeline_parallel_type = LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_AUTO;
+                           } else {
+                               throw std::runtime_error(
+                                   string_format("error: unknown value for --pipeline-parallel: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+                           }
+                       }).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_PIPELINE_PARALLEL"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-p", "--prompt"}, "PROMPT",
         "prompt to start generation with; for system message, use -sys",
@@ -4083,6 +4101,16 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.speculative.draft.n_max = value;
         }
     ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_N_MAX"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--spec-mtp-rs-depth"}, "N",
+        "number of target recurrent-state rollback snapshots for MTP; lower values save memory but replay accepted tokens after deep rejection (default: --spec-draft-n-max)",
+        [](common_params & params, int value) {
+            if (value < 1) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("--spec-mtp-rs-depth must be at least 1");
+            }
+            params.speculative.draft.n_rs_seq = value;
+        }
+    ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_MTP_RS_DEPTH"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spec-draft-n-min"}, "N",
         string_format("minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding (default: %d)", params.speculative.draft.n_min),
diff --git a/common/common.cpp b/common/common.cpp
index 25ca838dff0ad0a20800b50bdf452b925d9abb36..68fc14e12db9957b5099a5797293c1107e378362 100644
--- a/common/common.cpp
+++ b/common/common.cpp
@@ -1716,6 +1716,7 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
     cparams.pooling_type      = params.pooling_type;
     cparams.attention_type    = params.attention_type;
     cparams.flash_attn_type   = params.flash_attn_type;
+    cparams.pipeline_parallel_type = params.pipeline_parallel_type;
     cparams.cb_eval           = params.cb_eval;
     cparams.cb_eval_user_data = params.cb_eval_user_data;
     cparams.offload_kqv       = !params.no_kv_offload;
@@ -2244,6 +2245,8 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::clear() {
     data_tgt.clear();
     data_dft.clear();
     data_spec.clear();
+    data_tgt_on_device = false;
+    data_dft_on_device = false;
 }
 
 void common_prompt_checkpoint::update_pos(
@@ -2255,6 +2258,50 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::update_pos(
     this->pos_max  = pos_max;
 }
 
+static void common_prompt_checkpoint_save(
+        std::vector<uint8_t> & data,
+        bool & on_device,
+        llama_context * ctx,
+        llama_seq_id seq_id,
+        llama_state_seq_flags flags,
+        const char * label) {
+    const bool requested_on_device = flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+    on_device = false;
+
+    auto save = [&](llama_state_seq_flags save_flags) {
+        const size_t ckpt_size = llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx, seq_id, save_flags);
+        if (ckpt_size == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> saved(ckpt_size);
+        const size_t n = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx, saved.data(), ckpt_size, seq_id, save_flags);
+        if (n != ckpt_size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        data.swap(saved);
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    bool saved = save(flags);
+    if (requested_on_device && !saved) {
+        COM_WRN("%s: ON_DEVICE %s checkpoint save failed; retrying with host storage\n",
+                __func__, label);
+        flags &= ~LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+        saved = save(flags);
+    }
+
+    if (!saved) {
+        if (flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) {
+            GGML_ABORT("checkpoint device save failed for %s\n", label);
+        }
+        GGML_ABORT("checkpoint size mismatch while saving %s\n", label);
+    }
+
+    on_device = flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+}
+
 void common_prompt_checkpoint::update_tgt(
         llama_context * ctx,
         llama_seq_id seq_id,
@@ -2263,14 +2310,7 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::update_tgt(
         return;
     }
 
-    const size_t ckpt_size = llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx, seq_id, flags);
-
-    data_tgt.resize(ckpt_size);
-
-    const size_t n = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx, data_tgt.data(), ckpt_size, seq_id, flags);
-    if (n != ckpt_size) {
-        GGML_ABORT("checkpoint size mismatch: expected %zu, got %zu\n", ckpt_size, n);
-    }
+    common_prompt_checkpoint_save(data_tgt, data_tgt_on_device, ctx, seq_id, flags, "target");
 }
 
 void common_prompt_checkpoint::update_dft(
@@ -2281,14 +2321,7 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::update_dft(
         return;
     }
 
-    const size_t ckpt_size = llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx, seq_id, flags);
-
-    data_dft.resize(ckpt_size);
-
-    const size_t n = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx, data_dft.data(), ckpt_size, seq_id, flags);
-    if (n != ckpt_size) {
-        GGML_ABORT("checkpoint size mismatch: expected %zu, got %zu\n", ckpt_size, n);
-    }
+    common_prompt_checkpoint_save(data_dft, data_dft_on_device, ctx, seq_id, flags, "draft");
 }
 
 void common_prompt_checkpoint::load_tgt(
@@ -2303,6 +2336,9 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::load_tgt(
         return;
     }
 
+    flags = (flags & ~LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) |
+            (data_tgt_on_device ? LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE : 0);
+
     const size_t n = llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx, data_tgt.data(), data_tgt.size(), seq_id, flags);
     if (n != data_tgt.size()) {
         GGML_ABORT("checkpoint size mismatch: expected %zu, got %zu\n", data_tgt.size(), n);
@@ -2321,6 +2357,9 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::load_dft(
         return;
     }
 
+    flags = (flags & ~LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) |
+            (data_dft_on_device ? LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE : 0);
+
     const size_t n = llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx, data_dft.data(), data_dft.size(), seq_id, flags);
     if (n != data_dft.size()) {
         GGML_ABORT("checkpoint size mismatch: expected %zu, got %zu\n", data_dft.size(), n);
@@ -2329,9 +2368,11 @@ void common_prompt_checkpoint::load_dft(
 
 void common_prompt_checkpoint::clear_tgt() {
     data_tgt.clear();
+    data_tgt_on_device = false;
 }
 
 void common_prompt_checkpoint::clear_dft() {
     data_dft.clear();
     data_spec.clear();
+    data_dft_on_device = false;
 }
diff --git a/common/common.h b/common/common.h
index d8a16897b8405a6ac5ff5602a7abb47ec2d239a7..966953dc669b1035ae78311cfbd85734013b96c2 100644
--- a/common/common.h
+++ b/common/common.h
@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@ struct common_params_model {
 struct common_params_speculative_draft {
     int32_t n_max = 3; // maximum number of tokens to draft during speculative decoding
     int32_t n_min = 0; // minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding
+    int32_t n_rs_seq = -1; // MTP recurrent-state rollback depth (-1 = n_max)
 
     float p_split = 0.1f; // speculative decoding split probability
     float p_min   = 0.0f; // minimum speculative decoding probability (greedy)
@@ -384,11 +385,18 @@ struct common_params_speculative {
     }
 
     uint32_t need_n_rs_seq() const {
-        bool needs_rs_seq = std::any_of(types.begin(), types.end(), [&](auto t) {
-            return t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP || t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_EAGLE3 || t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_DFLASH || t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_DSPARK;
+        const bool needs_mtp = std::find(types.begin(), types.end(), COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP) != types.end();
+        const bool needs_other_rs = std::any_of(types.begin(), types.end(), [&](auto t) {
+            return t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_EAGLE3 || t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_DFLASH || t == COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_DSPARK;
         });
 
-        return needs_rs_seq ? draft.n_max : 0u;
+        if (needs_other_rs) {
+            return draft.n_max;
+        }
+        if (needs_mtp) {
+            return draft.n_rs_seq >= 0 ? draft.n_rs_seq : draft.n_max;
+        }
+        return 0u;
     }
 };
 
@@ -487,6 +495,7 @@ struct common_params {
     enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type      = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // pooling type for embeddings
     enum llama_attention_type    attention_type    = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // attention type for embeddings
     enum llama_flash_attn_type   flash_attn_type   = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO; // whether to use Flash Attention
+    enum llama_pipeline_parallel_type pipeline_parallel_type = LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_AUTO; // whether to use pipeline parallelism
 
     struct common_params_sampling    sampling;
     struct common_params_speculative speculative;
@@ -1145,6 +1154,11 @@ struct common_prompt_checkpoint {
     std::vector<uint8_t> data_tgt;
     std::vector<uint8_t> data_dft;
 
+    // The actual storage mode used for each checkpoint.  This can differ from
+    // the flags passed to update_* when an on-device save is not possible.
+    bool data_tgt_on_device = false;
+    bool data_dft_on_device = false;
+
     // (optional) speculative-decoding implementation state stashed with the checkpoint
     // (e.g. eagle3's deferred-boundary g_embd row)
     std::vector<uint8_t> data_spec;
diff --git a/common/fit.cpp b/common/fit.cpp
index dd1f3ef76619cb5f56f657ab7583884a6d114006..b8bc1dfef4a3961c0ce6f4c387be31269510a1c6 100644
--- a/common/fit.cpp
+++ b/common/fit.cpp
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ static void common_params_fit_impl(
     constexpr int64_t MiB = 1024*1024;
     typedef std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> dmds_t;
     const llama_model_params default_mparams = llama_model_default_params();
+    const bool fixed_gpu_layers = mparams->n_gpu_layers != default_mparams.n_gpu_layers;
 
     std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devs;
     uint32_t hp_ngl = 0; // hparams.n_gpu_layers
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ static void common_params_fit_impl(
                             sum_used_target -= margins[id];
                         }
                     }
-                    if (nd > 1) {
+                    if (nd > 1 && !fixed_gpu_layers) {
                         // for multiple devices we need to be more conservative in terms of how much context we think can fit:
                         //   - for dense models only whole layers can be assigned to devices
                         //   - for MoE models only whole tensors can be assigned to devices, which we estimate to be <= 1/3 of a layer
@@ -337,6 +338,30 @@ static void common_params_fit_impl(
                             sum_projected_used_min_ctx += dmds_min_ctx[id].mb.total();
                         }
                     }
+                    if (nd > 1 && fixed_gpu_layers) {
+                        uint32_t n_ctx_fit = hp_nct;
+                        bool fits = true;
+                        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                            const int64_t used_full = dmds_full[id].mb.total();
+                            const int64_t used_min  = dmds_min_ctx[id].mb.total();
+                            const int64_t target    = dmds_full[id].free - margins[id];
+                            if (used_full <= target) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            uint32_t n_ctx_device = n_ctx_min;
+                            fits = fits && target >= used_min;
+                            if (target > used_min && used_full > used_min) {
+                                n_ctx_device += (hp_nct - n_ctx_min) * (target - used_min) / (used_full - used_min);
+                            }
+                            n_ctx_fit = std::min(n_ctx_fit, n_ctx_device);
+                        }
+                        cparams->n_ctx = std::max(n_ctx_fit - n_ctx_fit % 256, n_ctx_min);
+                        LOG_TRC("%s: context size reduced from %" PRIu32 " to %" PRIu32 " using per-device limits\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, cparams->n_ctx);
+                        if (fits) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
                     if (sum_used_target > sum_projected_used_min_ctx) {
                         // linear interpolation between minimum and maximum context size:
                         cparams->n_ctx += (hp_nct - n_ctx_min) * (sum_used_target - sum_projected_used_min_ctx)
@@ -374,7 +399,7 @@ static void common_params_fit_impl(
         throw common_params_fit_exception("was unable to fit model into system memory by reducing context, abort");
     }
 
-    if (mparams->n_gpu_layers != default_mparams.n_gpu_layers) {
+    if (fixed_gpu_layers) {
         throw common_params_fit_exception("n_gpu_layers already set by user to " + std::to_string(mparams->n_gpu_layers) + ", abort");
     }
     if (nd > 1) {
diff --git a/common/speculative.cpp b/common/speculative.cpp
index 89e9b2782c2ac470c6b2401769148bccee24b037..390b2c7c916e6694d12dfb4c8faaca15ead36b4d 100644
--- a/common/speculative.cpp
+++ b/common/speculative.cpp
@@ -2383,6 +2383,10 @@ common_speculative_init_result::common_speculative_init_result(
 
     if (spec_mtp) {
         cparams.ctx_type = LLAMA_CONTEXT_TYPE_MTP;
+        cparams.pipeline_parallel_type = LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_DISABLED;
+        // use the same (possibly fit-reduced) context size as the target
+        // avoids MTP draft reserving flash attention workspace for full n_ctx
+        cparams.n_ctx = llama_n_ctx(ctx_tgt);
     }
 
     // note: for small models maybe we can set this to the maximum possible draft from all speculative types
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu
index ab7a3b297c07c43dc2902de425b292167e1f8d11..980f21eb1d1e310d15ad28e8b122cd84e145211b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu
@@ -457,6 +457,14 @@ static best_fattn_kernel ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const
     // 192 satisfies % 64 == 0 but has no vec instance (DKQ != DV); force it onto the MMA path.
     const bool can_use_vector_kernel = Q->ne[0] <= 256 && Q->ne[0] % 64 == 0 && Q->ne[0] != 192 && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+    // HIP quantized-KV TILE/MMA paths materialize large F16 temporary buffers;
+    // VEC dequantizes in-register and is also the safe path on RDNA2.
+    if ((ggml_is_quantized(K->type) || ggml_is_quantized(V->type)) && can_use_vector_kernel) {
+        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
+    }
+#endif
+
     // If Turing tensor cores are available, use them:
     if (turing_mma_available(cc) && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72) {
         if (can_use_vector_kernel) {
diff --git a/include/llama.h b/include/llama.h
index 177fc10a9139e7104f07decb8d4d5ded94279b06..4b1e818ce8270e3c755d19858db599c7cb55f19d 100644
--- a/include/llama.h
+++ b/include/llama.h
@@ -195,6 +195,14 @@ extern "C" {
 
     LLAMA_API const char * llama_flash_attn_type_name(enum llama_flash_attn_type flash_attn_type);
 
+    enum llama_pipeline_parallel_type {
+        LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_AUTO     = -1,
+        LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_DISABLED = 0,
+        LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_ENABLED  = 1,
+    };
+
+    LLAMA_API const char * llama_pipeline_parallel_type_name(enum llama_pipeline_parallel_type pipeline_parallel_type);
+
     enum llama_split_mode {
         LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_NONE   = 0, // single GPU
         LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER  = 1, // split layers and KV across GPUs
@@ -364,6 +372,7 @@ extern "C" {
         enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type;      // whether to pool (sum) embedding results by sequence id
         enum llama_attention_type    attention_type;    // attention type to use for embeddings
         enum llama_flash_attn_type   flash_attn_type;   // when to enable Flash Attention
+        enum llama_pipeline_parallel_type pipeline_parallel_type; // when to enable pipeline parallelism
 
         // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/2054
         float    rope_freq_base;   // RoPE base frequency, 0 = from model
diff --git a/src/llama-context.cpp b/src/llama-context.cpp
index 52f8d53672a3b2ab76886d8febd358b4068315ab..8b9d6357dd4973fc2cc9eba1f33b4aa5cea8c7a4 100644
--- a/src/llama-context.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-context.cpp
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ubatch              = %u\n",   __func__, cparams.n_ubatch);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: causal_attn           = %d\n",   __func__, cparams.causal_attn);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: flash_attn            = %s\n",   __func__, llama_flash_attn_type_name(params.flash_attn_type));
+    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: pipeline mode         = %s\n",   __func__, llama_pipeline_parallel_type_name(params.pipeline_parallel_type));
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: kv_unified            = %s\n",   __func__, cparams.kv_unified ? "true" : "false");
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_base             = %.1f\n", __func__, cparams.rope_freq_base);
     LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: freq_scale            = %g\n",   __func__, cparams.rope_freq_scale);
@@ -426,6 +427,8 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
         // TODO: move these checks to ggml_backend_sched
         // enabling pipeline parallelism in the scheduler increases memory usage, so it is only done when necessary
         bool pipeline_parallel =
+            cparams.ctx_type != LLAMA_CONTEXT_TYPE_MTP &&
+            params.pipeline_parallel_type != LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_DISABLED &&
             model.n_devices() > 1 &&
             model.n_gpu_layers() > model.hparams.n_layer_all &&
             model.split_mode() == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER &&
@@ -452,6 +455,11 @@ llama_context::llama_context(
             }
         }
 
+        if (cparams.ctx_type != LLAMA_CONTEXT_TYPE_MTP &&
+            params.pipeline_parallel_type == LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_ENABLED && !pipeline_parallel) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: pipeline parallelism requested but unavailable\n", __func__);
+        }
+
         cparams.pipeline_parallel = pipeline_parallel;
 
         if (cparams.pipeline_parallel) {
@@ -3526,6 +3534,7 @@ llama_context_params llama_context_default_params() {
         /*.pooling_type                =*/ LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
         /*.attention_type              =*/ LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
         /*.flash_attn_type             =*/ LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO,
+        /*.pipeline_parallel_type      =*/ LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_AUTO,
         /*.rope_freq_base              =*/ 0.0f,
         /*.rope_freq_scale             =*/ 0.0f,
         /*.yarn_ext_factor             =*/ -1.0f,
diff --git a/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp b/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
index ef82eb976ca76f1b999e225118320e7f1e379fcb..f7638544759a03f4c4d8cb682927e3ac0f23733b 100644
--- a/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq
     }
 
     if ((flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) && cell_ranges.size() > 1) {
-        GGML_ABORT("cannot save/load multiple ranges of cells to/from device memory\n");
+        throw std::runtime_error("cannot save/load multiple ranges of cells to/from device memory");
     }
 
     // DEBUG CHECK: Sum of cell counts in ranges should equal the total cell count
diff --git a/src/llama.cpp b/src/llama.cpp
index 1609fec88ddfe3032e677590794bbadd1c93a2f7..6db5163f350575343e4112de291b63c0eb886a55 100644
--- a/src/llama.cpp
+++ b/src/llama.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@ const char * llama_flash_attn_type_name(enum llama_flash_attn_type flash_attn_ty
     GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 }
 
+const char * llama_pipeline_parallel_type_name(enum llama_pipeline_parallel_type pipeline_parallel_type) {
+    switch (pipeline_parallel_type) {
+        case LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_AUTO:
+            return "auto";
+        case LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_DISABLED:
+            return "disabled";
+        case LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_ENABLED:
+            return "enabled";
+    }
+    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+}
+
 const char * llama_load_mode_name(enum llama_load_mode load_mode) {
     switch (load_mode) {
         case LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_AUTO:
@@ -614,4 +626,3 @@ const char * llama_print_system_info(void) {
 
     return s.c_str();
 }
-
diff --git a/tests/test-arg-parser.cpp b/tests/test-arg-parser.cpp
index ba58f852eb4f772ffad61ab6925738b331709aea..3fad40d422320dabbc859ff3713f34f840eda918 100644
--- a/tests/test-arg-parser.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-arg-parser.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "download.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "speculative.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
 
 #include <limits>
 #include <string>
@@ -197,6 +198,132 @@ static void test(void) {
     assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
     assert(params.speculative.draft.n_max == 123);
 
+    {
+        common_params params_mtp;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth", "1"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params_mtp, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.draft.n_max == 5);
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.draft.n_rs_seq == 1);
+
+        params_mtp.speculative.types = { COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP };
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() == 1);
+
+        params_mtp.speculative.types.push_back(COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_EAGLE3);
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() == 5);
+    }
+
+    {
+        common_params params_mtp;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params_mtp, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.draft.n_rs_seq == -1);
+
+        params_mtp.speculative.types = { COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP };
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() == 5);
+    }
+
+    {
+        common_params params_mtp;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth", "1", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params_mtp, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+        assert(params_mtp.speculative.draft.n_rs_seq == 1);
+    }
+
+    {
+        common_params params_mtp;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth", "0"};
+        assert(false == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params_mtp, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+    }
+
+    {
+        common_params params_mtp;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth=-1"};
+        assert(false == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params_mtp, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+    }
+
+    {
+        common_params params_mtp;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth", "6", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5"};
+        assert(false == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params_mtp, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+    }
+
+    {
+        printf("test-arg-parser: test recurrent checkpoint reservation inputs\n\n");
+
+        common_params fit_params;
+        assert(fit_params.fit_params);
+        assert(fit_params.fit_params_target.size() == llama_max_devices());
+        for (const size_t target : fit_params.fit_params_target) {
+            assert(target == 1024 * 1024 * 1024ULL);
+        }
+
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--fit", "off", "--split-mode", "none", "--main-gpu", "1",
+                "--fit-target", "256,64", "--tensor-split", "3,1"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), fit_params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON));
+        assert(!fit_params.fit_params);
+        assert(fit_params.split_mode == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_NONE);
+        assert(fit_params.main_gpu == 1);
+        assert(fit_params.fit_params_target[0] == 256 * 1024 * 1024ULL);
+        assert(fit_params.fit_params_target[1] == 64 * 1024 * 1024ULL);
+        assert(fit_params.tensor_split[0] == 3.0f);
+        assert(fit_params.tensor_split[1] == 1.0f);
+
+        auto checkpoint_reservation_needed = [](const common_params & p) {
+            return p.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() < static_cast<uint32_t>(p.speculative.draft.n_max);
+        };
+
+        common_params mtp_full;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), mtp_full, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+        mtp_full.speculative.types = { COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP };
+        assert(mtp_full.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() == 5);
+        assert(!checkpoint_reservation_needed(mtp_full));
+
+        common_params mtp_reduced;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth", "2"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), mtp_reduced, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+        mtp_reduced.speculative.types = { COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP };
+        assert(mtp_reduced.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() == 2);
+        assert(checkpoint_reservation_needed(mtp_reduced));
+
+        common_params mtp_with_other_rs;
+        argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--spec-draft-n-max", "5", "--spec-mtp-rs-depth", "2"};
+        assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), mtp_with_other_rs, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE));
+        mtp_with_other_rs.speculative.types = {
+            COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_MTP,
+            COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_DRAFT_EAGLE3,
+        };
+        assert(mtp_with_other_rs.speculative.need_n_rs_seq() == 5);
+        assert(!checkpoint_reservation_needed(mtp_with_other_rs));
+
+        ggml_backend_load_all();
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> gpu_devices;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
+            ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
+            if (ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) != GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) {
+                gpu_devices.push_back(dev);
+            }
+        }
+        if (gpu_devices.size() >= 2) {
+            const std::string device_arg = string_format("%s,%s",
+                    ggml_backend_dev_name(gpu_devices[0]), ggml_backend_dev_name(gpu_devices[1]));
+            common_params multi_gpu;
+            argv = {"binary_name", "-m", "abc.gguf", "--device", device_arg, "--split-mode", "layer",
+                    "--fit-target", "128,256", "--tensor-split", "3,1"};
+            assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), multi_gpu, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON));
+            assert(multi_gpu.devices.size() == 3);
+            assert(multi_gpu.devices[0] == gpu_devices[0]);
+            assert(multi_gpu.devices[1] == gpu_devices[1]);
+            assert(multi_gpu.devices[2] == nullptr);
+            assert(multi_gpu.fit_params_target[0] == 128 * 1024 * 1024ULL);
+            assert(multi_gpu.fit_params_target[1] == 256 * 1024 * 1024ULL);
+            assert(multi_gpu.tensor_split[0] == 3.0f);
+            assert(multi_gpu.tensor_split[1] == 1.0f);
+        } else {
+            printf("test-arg-parser: skip asymmetric multi-GPU input test (fewer than two non-CPU devices)\n\n");
+        }
+    }
+
     argv = {"binary_name", "-lm", "none"};
     assert(true == common_params_parse(argv.size(), list_str_to_char(argv).data(), params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON));
     assert(params.load_mode == LLAMA_LOAD_MODE_NONE);
diff --git a/tests/test-recurrent-state-rollback.cpp b/tests/test-recurrent-state-rollback.cpp
index 5d1f0140b623cb9a44476f8e15a0279e9e3a9887..90ef3522d3af21dab92a040725633755fdfee7d9 100644
--- a/tests/test-recurrent-state-rollback.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-recurrent-state-rollback.cpp
@@ -8,15 +8,60 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <vector>
 
-static llama_context * make_ctx(const common_params & params, llama_model * model) {
+static llama_context * make_ctx(
+        const common_params & params,
+        llama_model * model,
+        uint32_t n_rs_seq = 8,
+        uint32_t n_seq_max = 1) {
     auto cparams = common_context_params_to_llama(params);
-    cparams.n_seq_max = 1;
-    cparams.n_rs_seq  = 8;
+    cparams.n_seq_max = n_seq_max;
+    cparams.n_rs_seq  = n_rs_seq;
     cparams.n_batch   = std::max(cparams.n_batch,  (uint32_t) (cparams.n_rs_seq + 1));
     cparams.n_ubatch  = std::max(cparams.n_ubatch, (uint32_t) (cparams.n_rs_seq + 1));
     return llama_init_from_model(model, cparams);
 }
 
+static bool test_fragmented_on_device_fallback(
+        const common_params & params,
+        llama_model * model,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens) {
+    llama_context * ctx = make_ctx(params, model, 1, 3);
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to initialize fragmented context\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    llama_batch batch = llama_batch_init(3, 0, 3);
+    for (llama_seq_id seq_id = 0; seq_id < 3; ++seq_id) {
+        common_batch_add(batch, tokens[seq_id % tokens.size()], 0, { seq_id }, seq_id == 2);
+    }
+    bool ok = llama_decode(ctx, batch) == 0;
+    llama_batch_free(batch);
+
+    if (ok) {
+        ok = llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx), 1, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    common_prompt_checkpoint ckpt;
+    constexpr llama_state_seq_flags flags =
+        LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY | LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+    if (ok) {
+        ckpt.update_tgt(ctx, -1, flags);
+        if (ckpt.data_tgt_on_device) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s : fragmented checkpoint did not fall back to host storage\n", __func__);
+            ok = false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (ok) {
+        // The caller still requests ON_DEVICE here. load_tgt() must use the
+        // actual host mode recorded when the checkpoint was saved.
+        ckpt.load_tgt(ctx, -1, flags);
+    }
+
+    llama_free(ctx);
+    return ok;
+}
+
 static bool decode_tokens(llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens, uint32_t count) {
     llama_batch batch = llama_batch_init(count, 0, 1);
     for (uint32_t pos = 0; pos < count; ++pos) {
@@ -35,6 +80,156 @@ static bool decode_one(llama_context * ctx, llama_token tok, llama_pos pos) {
     return ok;
 }
 
+static bool decode_range(
+        llama_context * ctx,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens,
+        uint32_t first,
+        uint32_t count) {
+    if (count == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    llama_batch batch = llama_batch_init(count, 0, 1);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        common_batch_add(batch, tokens[first + i], first + i, { 0 }, i + 1 == count);
+    }
+    const bool ok = llama_decode(ctx, batch) == 0;
+    llama_batch_free(batch);
+    return ok;
+}
+
+static bool compare_logits(
+        llama_context * ctx_full,
+        llama_context * ctx_depth,
+        int n_vocab,
+        uint32_t n_accepted,
+        const char * stage,
+        float eps) {
+    const float * logits_full  = llama_get_logits(ctx_full);
+    const float * logits_depth = llama_get_logits(ctx_depth);
+    if (logits_full == nullptr || logits_depth == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : missing %s logits after accepting %u draft tokens\n", __func__, stage, n_accepted);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int argmax_full  = 0;
+    int argmax_depth = 0;
+    float max_diff = 0.0f;
+    for (int token = 0; token < n_vocab; ++token) {
+        if (logits_full[token] > logits_full[argmax_full]) {
+            argmax_full = token;
+        }
+        if (logits_depth[token] > logits_depth[argmax_depth]) {
+            argmax_depth = token;
+        }
+
+        const float diff = std::fabs(logits_full[token] - logits_depth[token]);
+        max_diff = std::max(max_diff, diff);
+        if (eps >= 0.0f && diff > eps) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s : %s logits mismatch after accepting %u draft tokens, token %d (%g != %g)\n",
+                    __func__, stage, n_accepted, token, (double) logits_full[token], (double) logits_depth[token]);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (eps < 0.0f && argmax_full != argmax_depth) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : %s greedy token mismatch after accepting %u draft tokens (%d != %d, max logit diff %g)\n",
+                __func__, stage, n_accepted, argmax_full, argmax_depth, (double) max_diff);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (eps < 0.0f) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : %s greedy token %d preserved after accepting %u draft tokens (max logit diff %g)\n",
+                __func__, stage, argmax_full, n_accepted, (double) max_diff);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool test_recompute_fallback(
+        const common_params & params,
+        llama_model * model,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & input_tokens,
+        int n_vocab) {
+    constexpr uint32_t n_prefix = 4;
+    constexpr uint32_t n_draft  = 5;
+    constexpr uint32_t n_verify = n_draft + 1;
+
+    std::vector<llama_token> tokens = input_tokens;
+    tokens.resize(n_prefix + n_verify + 2, tokens.back());
+
+    for (uint32_t n_accepted = 0; n_accepted < n_draft; ++n_accepted) {
+        llama_context * ctx_full  = make_ctx(params, model, n_draft);
+        llama_context * ctx_depth = make_ctx(params, model, 1);
+        if (ctx_full == nullptr || ctx_depth == nullptr) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to initialize fallback contexts\n", __func__);
+            llama_free(ctx_full);
+            llama_free(ctx_depth);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        bool ok = decode_range(ctx_full, tokens, 0, n_prefix) &&
+                  decode_range(ctx_depth, tokens, 0, n_prefix);
+        if (ok) {
+            ok = compare_logits(ctx_full, ctx_depth, n_vocab, n_accepted, "prefix", 1e-5f);
+        }
+
+        constexpr llama_state_seq_flags partial_flags =
+            LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY | LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+        common_prompt_checkpoint ckpt;
+        if (ok) {
+            ckpt.update_tgt(ctx_depth, 0, partial_flags);
+            if (!ckpt.data_tgt_on_device) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s : contiguous recurrent checkpoint unexpectedly fell back to host storage\n", __func__);
+                ok = false;
+            }
+        }
+        if (ok) {
+            ok = decode_range(ctx_full, tokens, n_prefix, n_verify) &&
+                 decode_range(ctx_depth, tokens, n_prefix, n_verify);
+        }
+
+        const llama_pos rollback_pos = n_prefix + 1 + n_accepted;
+        const uint32_t n_rollback = n_draft - n_accepted;
+        if (ok) {
+            ok = llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_full), 0, rollback_pos, -1);
+        }
+        if (ok && n_rollback <= 1) {
+            ok = llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_depth), 0, rollback_pos, -1);
+        } else if (ok) {
+            ckpt.load_tgt(ctx_depth, 0, partial_flags);
+            ok = llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_depth), 0, n_prefix, -1);
+        }
+
+        const llama_pos replacement_pos = rollback_pos;
+        if (ok && n_rollback <= 1) {
+            ok = decode_one(ctx_full, tokens[n_prefix + n_verify], replacement_pos) &&
+                 decode_one(ctx_depth, tokens[n_prefix + n_verify], replacement_pos);
+        } else if (ok) {
+            std::vector<llama_token> replay_tokens = tokens;
+            replay_tokens[replacement_pos] = tokens[n_prefix + n_verify];
+            ok = decode_one(ctx_full, tokens[n_prefix + n_verify], replacement_pos) &&
+                 decode_range(ctx_depth, replay_tokens, n_prefix, 2 + n_accepted);
+        }
+        if (ok) {
+            ok = compare_logits(ctx_full, ctx_depth, n_vocab, n_accepted, "replacement", -1.0f);
+        }
+        if (ok) {
+            ok = decode_one(ctx_full, tokens[n_prefix + n_verify + 1], replacement_pos + 1) &&
+                 decode_one(ctx_depth, tokens[n_prefix + n_verify + 1], replacement_pos + 1) &&
+                 compare_logits(ctx_full, ctx_depth, n_vocab, n_accepted, "continuation", -1.0f);
+        }
+
+        llama_free(ctx_full);
+        llama_free(ctx_depth);
+
+        if (!ok) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s : fallback validation failed after accepting %u draft tokens\n", __func__, n_accepted);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s : depth-1 recomputation preserves depth-5 greedy decisions at every rejection position\n", __func__);
+    return true;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     std::setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
 
@@ -65,6 +260,23 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     const llama_vocab * vocab   = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
     const int           n_vocab = llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab);
 
+    std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
+    if (llama_vocab_type(vocab) == LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE) {
+        tokens = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
+    } else {
+        tokens = common_tokenize(vocab, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", true);
+    }
+    if (tokens.empty()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : not enough prompt tokens\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (!test_fragmented_on_device_fallback(params, model, tokens)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (!test_recompute_fallback(params, model, tokens, n_vocab)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     llama_context * ctx_src = make_ctx(params, model);
     llama_context * ctx_dst = make_ctx(params, model);
     if (ctx_src == nullptr || ctx_dst == nullptr) {
@@ -79,12 +291,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
-    if (llama_vocab_type(vocab) == LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_NONE) {
-        tokens = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
-    } else {
-        tokens = common_tokenize(ctx_src, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", true);
-    }
     const uint32_t n_rs_seq = llama_n_rs_seq(ctx_src);
     constexpr uint32_t n_rollback = 3;
     if (n_rs_seq < n_rollback) {
@@ -93,10 +299,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         llama_free(ctx_dst);
         return 0;
     }
-    if (tokens.empty()) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s : not enough prompt tokens\n", __func__);
-        return 1;
-    }
     tokens.resize(n_rs_seq + 1, tokens.back());
 
     const uint32_t  n_tokens     = tokens.size();
@@ -161,6 +363,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     constexpr llama_state_seq_flags partial_flags = LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY;
     common_prompt_checkpoint ckpt_partial;
     ckpt_partial.update_tgt(ctx_src, 0, partial_flags);
+    if (ckpt_partial.data_tgt_on_device) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : host recurrent checkpoint recorded device storage\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
     ckpt_partial.load_tgt(ctx_dst, 0, partial_flags);
 
     if (!replay_and_compare("partial")) {
diff --git a/tools/server/README.md b/tools/server/README.md
index b63a0e6dac00334650536616b74d7c33d9c7f82a..77c1d33113329440e946b6f790d8168d7c6b4e33 100644
--- a/tools/server/README.md
+++ b/tools/server/README.md
@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ For the full list of features, please refer to [server's changelog](https://gith
 | `--spec-draft-cpu-moe, -cmoed, --cpu-moe-draft` | keep all Mixture of Experts (MoE) weights in the CPU for the draft model<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_CPU_MOE) |
 | `--spec-draft-n-cpu-moe, --spec-draft-ncmoe, -ncmoed, --n-cpu-moe-draft N` | keep the Mixture of Experts (MoE) weights of the first N layers in the CPU for the draft model<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_N_CPU_MOE) |
 | `--spec-draft-n-max N` | number of tokens to draft for speculative decoding (default: 3)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_N_MAX) |
+| `--spec-mtp-rs-depth N` | number of target recurrent-state rollback snapshots for MTP; lower values save memory but replay accepted tokens after deep rejection (default: `--spec-draft-n-max`)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_MTP_RS_DEPTH) |
 | `--spec-draft-n-min N` | minimum number of draft tokens to use for speculative decoding (default: 0)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_N_MIN) |
 | `--spec-draft-p-split, --draft-p-split P` | speculative decoding split probability (default: 0.10)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_P_SPLIT) |
 | `--spec-draft-p-min, --draft-p-min P` | minimum speculative decoding probability (greedy) (default: 0.00)<br/>(env: LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_DRAFT_P_MIN) |
diff --git a/tools/server/server-common.cpp b/tools/server/server-common.cpp
index 585f65e83c655d3b8b7e398e8bf76552dc846f36..e57548fce8f7c9a3873e9556e0366c6b9d538214 100644
--- a/tools/server/server-common.cpp
+++ b/tools/server/server-common.cpp
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ json server_slot_stats::to_json() const {
         base["draft_n"]          = n_draft_tokens;
         base["draft_n_accepted"] = n_draft_accepted;
     }
+    if (n_draft_replay_count > 0) {
+        base["draft_replay_count"] = n_draft_replay_count;
+        base["draft_replay_n"]     = n_draft_replay_tokens;
+    }
 
     return base;
 }
diff --git a/tools/server/server-common.h b/tools/server/server-common.h
index 6488be344c6ad5d7100cae854b6047f5728f4989..5a3d135f5f514d8362f884b4aa858dac0b1725a0 100644
--- a/tools/server/server-common.h
+++ b/tools/server/server-common.h
@@ -353,6 +353,8 @@ struct server_slot_stats {
     uint64_t n_draft_tokens      = 0;
     uint64_t n_draft_accepted    = 0;
     uint64_t n_draft_verif_steps = 0;
+    uint64_t n_draft_replay_count  = 0;
+    uint64_t n_draft_replay_tokens = 0;
 
     // these are absolute timestamps (in us)
     // note: must be signed - they are subtracted before the later ones are set
diff --git a/tools/server/server-context.cpp b/tools/server/server-context.cpp
index 21ff783941382346293429b30e2ff1501516a491..73bed4ff249876f5b23e322a89a32fa9e73d5ea7 100644
--- a/tools/server/server-context.cpp
+++ b/tools/server/server-context.cpp
@@ -636,6 +636,12 @@ struct server_slot {
                     "     acc per pos = (%s)\n", acceptance_rates_per_pos.c_str());
         }
 
+        if (stats.n_draft_replay_count > 0) {
+            SLT_INF(*this,
+                    "     MTP replays = %10" PRIu64 " events / %5" PRIu64 " tokens\n",
+                    stats.n_draft_replay_count, stats.n_draft_replay_tokens);
+        }
+
         common_speculative_print_stats(spec);
     }
 
@@ -1039,6 +1045,85 @@ private:
             }
         }
 
+        // The on-device recurrent speculative checkpoint is allocated lazily, so reserve
+        // the additional recurrent-state group before fitting the target model.
+        if (params_base.fit_params && spec_mtp) {
+            const uint32_t n_rs_seq = params_base.speculative.need_n_rs_seq();
+            const int32_t draft_n_max = params_base.speculative.draft.n_max;
+            if (draft_n_max < 0) {
+                SRV_ERR("%s", "[spec] invalid negative MTP draft.n_max while fitting\n");
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (n_rs_seq < static_cast<uint32_t>(draft_n_max)) {
+                try {
+                    common_params params_rs = params_base;
+                    auto mparams_rs = common_model_params_to_llama(params_rs);
+                    auto cparams_rs = common_context_params_to_llama(params_rs);
+
+                    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devs_rs;
+                    uint32_t hp_ngl_rs = 0;
+                    uint32_t hp_nct_rs = 0;
+                    uint32_t hp_nex_rs = 0;
+                    cparams_rs.n_rs_seq = n_rs_seq;
+                    const auto dmd_rs = common_get_device_memory_data(
+                        params_base.model.path.c_str(), &mparams_rs, &cparams_rs,
+                        devs_rs, hp_ngl_rs, hp_nct_rs, hp_nex_rs, GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+
+                    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devs_rs_next;
+                    uint32_t hp_ngl_rs_next = 0;
+                    uint32_t hp_nct_rs_next = 0;
+                    uint32_t hp_nex_rs_next = 0;
+                    cparams_rs.n_rs_seq = n_rs_seq + 1;
+                    const auto dmd_rs_next = common_get_device_memory_data(
+                        params_base.model.path.c_str(), &mparams_rs, &cparams_rs,
+                        devs_rs_next, hp_ngl_rs_next, hp_nct_rs_next, hp_nex_rs_next, GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+
+                    if (devs_rs.size() != devs_rs_next.size() || dmd_rs.size() < devs_rs.size() ||
+                            dmd_rs_next.size() < devs_rs_next.size()) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("target context device count changed during recurrent-state measurement");
+                    }
+
+                    // common_fit_params() consumes fit_params_target in the measured model-device
+                    // order.  The configured device list can contain a nullptr sentinel, CPU/ACCEL
+                    // devices, or be reduced by split-mode none, so it is not a safe index map.
+                    if (params_base.fit_params_target.size() < devs_rs.size()) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("fit_params_target has no entry for every target device");
+                    }
+
+                    size_t total = 0;
+                    for (size_t j = 0; j < devs_rs.size(); ++j) {
+                        const auto next_dev = std::find(devs_rs_next.begin(), devs_rs_next.end(), devs_rs[j]);
+                        if (next_dev == devs_rs_next.end()) {
+                            throw std::runtime_error("target context device mapping changed during recurrent-state measurement");
+                        }
+                        const size_t next_index = next_dev - devs_rs_next.begin();
+                        if (next_index != j) {
+                            throw std::runtime_error("target context device order changed during recurrent-state measurement");
+                        }
+                        if (dmd_rs_next[j].context < dmd_rs[j].context) {
+                            throw std::runtime_error("recurrent-state context measurement decreased");
+                        }
+                        const size_t delta = dmd_rs_next[j].context - dmd_rs[j].context;
+                        params_base.fit_params_target[j] += delta;
+                        total += delta;
+                        SRV_INF("[spec] recurrent checkpoint fit reservation: device %s, %.2f MiB "
+                                "(context %.2f -> %.2f MiB)\n",
+                                ggml_backend_dev_name(devs_rs[j]), delta / (1024.0 * 1024.0),
+                                dmd_rs[j].context / (1024.0 * 1024.0),
+                                dmd_rs_next[j].context / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
+                    }
+                    if (total == 0) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("recurrent-state measurement produced no device reservation");
+                    }
+                    SRV_INF("[spec] recurrent checkpoint fit reservation: %.2f MiB total\n",
+                            total / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
+                } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+                    SRV_ERR("[spec] failed to reserve recurrent-state memory before fitting: %s\n", e.what());
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // optionally reserve VRAM for the draft / MTP context before fitting the target model
         if (params_base.fit_params) {
             if (has_spec) {
@@ -1051,6 +1136,25 @@ private:
                 auto cparams_dft = common_context_params_to_llama(params_dft);
                 if (spec_mtp) {
                     cparams_dft.ctx_type = LLAMA_CONTEXT_TYPE_MTP;
+                    cparams_dft.pipeline_parallel_type = LLAMA_PIPELINE_PARALLEL_TYPE_DISABLED;
+                    // MTP draft uses the target's (possibly fit-reduced) n_ctx at runtime.
+                    // Estimate with the same n_ctx to avoid over-reserving fit_params_target.
+                    {
+                        // Fit against a scratch copy. The fitter may write an automatically
+                        // generated tensor split and tensor overrides; publishing those to
+                        // params_base here would make the refinement and final target fit
+                        // mistake them for user-provided placement constraints.
+                        common_params params_fit = params_base;
+                        auto mparams_tgt = common_model_params_to_llama(params_fit);
+                        auto cparams_tgt = common_context_params_to_llama(params_fit);
+                        common_fit_params(params_dft.model.path.c_str(), &mparams_tgt, &cparams_tgt,
+                            params_fit.tensor_split,
+                            params_fit.tensor_buft_overrides.data(),
+                            params_fit.fit_params_target.data(),
+                            params_fit.fit_params_min_ctx,
+                            GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+                        cparams_dft.n_ctx = cparams_tgt.n_ctx;
+                    }
                 }
                 cparams_dft.n_rs_seq = 0;
 
@@ -1074,6 +1178,7 @@ private:
                         }
                     }
 
+                    std::vector<size_t> measured_bytes(tgt_devices.size(), 0);
                     for (size_t j = 0; j < devs.size(); ++j) {
                         const size_t bytes = (measure_model_bytes ? dmd[j].model : 0) + dmd[j].context + dmd[j].compute;
                         total += bytes;
@@ -1082,6 +1187,7 @@ private:
                                 SRV_DBG("[spec] adding %.2f MiB to fit_params_target for device %s\n",
                                         bytes / (1024.0 * 1024.0), ggml_backend_dev_name(devs[j]));
                                 params_base.fit_params_target[i] += bytes;
+                                measured_bytes[i] += bytes;
                                 break;
                             }
                         }
@@ -1089,6 +1195,51 @@ private:
                     SRV_TRC("[spec] estimated memory usage of %s is %.2f MiB\n",
                             has_draft ? "draft model" : "MTP context",
                             total / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
+
+                    if (spec_mtp) {
+                        for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; ++pass) {
+                            // Each refinement starts without placement produced by an earlier
+                            // estimate. Only the final common_init_from_params() call should
+                            // commit fitted placement to params_base.
+                            common_params params_fit = params_base;
+                            auto mparams_tgt = common_model_params_to_llama(params_fit);
+                            auto cparams_tgt = common_context_params_to_llama(params_fit);
+                            common_fit_params(params_dft.model.path.c_str(), &mparams_tgt, &cparams_tgt,
+                                params_fit.tensor_split,
+                                params_fit.tensor_buft_overrides.data(),
+                                params_fit.fit_params_target.data(),
+                                params_fit.fit_params_min_ctx,
+                                GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+                            if (cparams_dft.n_ctx == cparams_tgt.n_ctx) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            cparams_dft.n_ctx = cparams_tgt.n_ctx;
+                            auto dmd_refined = common_get_device_memory_data(
+                                params_dft.model.path.c_str(), &mparams_dft, &cparams_dft,
+                                devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+
+                            std::vector<size_t> refined_bytes(tgt_devices.size(), 0);
+                            total = 0;
+                            for (size_t j = 0; j < devs.size(); ++j) {
+                                const size_t bytes = (measure_model_bytes ? dmd_refined[j].model : 0) + dmd_refined[j].context + dmd_refined[j].compute;
+                                total += bytes;
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < tgt_devices.size(); ++i) {
+                                    if (tgt_devices[i] == devs[j]) {
+                                        refined_bytes[i] += bytes;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            for (size_t i = 0; i < tgt_devices.size(); ++i) {
+                                params_base.fit_params_target[i] -= measured_bytes[i];
+                                params_base.fit_params_target[i] += refined_bytes[i];
+                            }
+                            measured_bytes = std::move(refined_bytes);
+                            SRV_TRC("[spec] refined MTP memory estimate at n_ctx=%" PRIu32 " is %.2f MiB\n",
+                                    cparams_dft.n_ctx, total / (1024.0 * 1024.0));
+                        }
+                    }
                 } catch (const std::exception & e) {
                     SRV_WRN("[spec] failed to measure %s memory: %s\n",
                             has_draft ? "draft model" : "MTP context", e.what());
@@ -3005,9 +3156,18 @@ private:
                    (ctx_dft_seq_rm_type == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_RS && draft.size() > llama_n_rs_seq(ctx_dft));
 
                 if (use_ckpt_tgt) {
+                    llama_state_seq_flags ckpt_flags = LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY;
+                    if (ctx_tgt_seq_rm_type == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_RS) {
+                        // Phase 1 proof of concept: avoid copying the recurrent fallback checkpoint
+                        // through host memory on every speculative round. The device buffer is
+                        // allocated lazily; load_model() reserves one measured recurrent-state
+                        // group for it when automatic fitting and reduced RS depth are enabled.
+                        ckpt_flags |= LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+                    }
+
                     //const int64_t t_start = ggml_time_us();
 
-                    ckpt.update_tgt(ctx_tgt, slot.id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+                    ckpt.update_tgt(ctx_tgt, slot.id, ckpt_flags);
 
                     //const int64_t t_total = ggml_time_us() - t_start;
                     //printf("checkpoint total: %f ms\n", t_total / 1000.0);
@@ -3851,6 +4011,10 @@ private:
                     ctx_tgt_seq_rm_type == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_FULL ||
                     (ctx_tgt_seq_rm_type == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_RS && n_rollback > llama_n_rs_seq(ctx_tgt));
 
+                const bool use_rs_replay =
+                    ctx_tgt_seq_rm_type == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_RS &&
+                    n_rollback > llama_n_rs_seq(ctx_tgt);
+
                 // check for partial draft acceptance
                 if (n_rollback > 0) {
                     if (use_ckpt_tgt) {
@@ -3862,11 +4026,20 @@ private:
                         slot.spec_is_replay = true;
                         slot.spec_draft = std::move(accepted);
 
+                        if (use_rs_replay) {
+                            slot.stats.n_draft_replay_count  += 1;
+                            slot.stats.n_draft_replay_tokens += slot.spec_draft.size() + 1;
+                        }
+
                         const auto & ckpt = slot.spec_ckpt;
 
                         SLT_DBG(slot, "restoring speculative checkpoint (pos_min = %d, pos_max = %d, size = %zu)\n", ckpt.pos_min, ckpt.pos_max, ckpt.size());
 
-                        ckpt.load_tgt(slot.ctx_tgt, slot.id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+                        llama_state_seq_flags ckpt_flags = LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY;
+                        if (use_rs_replay) {
+                            ckpt_flags |= LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE;
+                        }
+                        ckpt.load_tgt(slot.ctx_tgt, slot.id, ckpt_flags);
 
                         if (slot.ctx_dft) {
                             ckpt.load_dft(slot.ctx_dft, slot.id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
diff --git a/tools/server/tests/utils.py b/tools/server/tests/utils.py
index 9171dbc02977e26ce5e2e9b876d73457583314e0..6e6ca5b82f399a0d3e30739a5de48fa4a5e2cbe1 100644
--- a/tools/server/tests/utils.py
+++ b/tools/server/tests/utils.py
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ class ServerProcess:
     spec_type: str | None = None
     spec_draft_n_min: int | None = None
     spec_draft_n_max: int | None = None
+    spec_mtp_rs_depth: int | None = None
     no_ui: bool | None = None
     jinja: bool | None = None
     reasoning_format: Literal['deepseek', 'none', 'nothink'] | None = None
@@ -245,6 +246,8 @@ class ServerProcess:
             server_args.extend(["--spec-draft-n-max", self.spec_draft_n_max])
         if self.spec_draft_n_min:
             server_args.extend(["--spec-draft-n-min", self.spec_draft_n_min])
+        if self.spec_mtp_rs_depth:
+            server_args.extend(["--spec-mtp-rs-depth", self.spec_mtp_rs_depth])
         if self.no_ui:
             server_args.append("--no-ui")
         if self.no_models_autoload:
